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• AL-QURAN

    Quran is an Arabic word. It contains Arabic verb Qura’a. Its meaning is to read or recite something. The meaning of Quran is one which is recited or read. In Islam Quran means the Holy-Book of Allah which is reveled upon Heart of Muhammad (SAS). It is also called Mother Book, Al Furkan, Huda, Kitab, Dhikr. It is a miracle of Muhammad (SAS) and proof of his Prophet Hood. Quran is last book of the series of the books which started with first Prophet of Islam Adam (AS) to last Prophet Muhammad (SAS). It is a last divine book reveled by Allah on the Heart of our beloved Prophet Muhammad (SAS). Quran contains all messages of Allah which were previously reveled to other Prophets of Islam. Quran follows all previous books and booklets (Sahife) and all previous Prophets. Quran is final order and message to Humankind. It is a guide for all Humans of earth and not mere for Muslims. Quran is new revised and finalized version of Allah order and messages and it is compulsory for all pious Humankind to accept and acts as per the messages of Allah. Quran’s peculiarity is that if we follow Quran it is considered to be equivalent to that we followed all previous divine books and all previous Allah’s Prophets.

    From Quran itself it is clear that the original book of knowledge is with Allah and it is well protected in Loh e Mahfuz with Allah. Allah’s knowledge is so huge so that Allah himself says in Quran that if all trees are made the pens and all oceans the ink for writing his knowledge, and again more oceans and trees brought to help them then they will fall short but Allah’s knowledge will not end. Almighty Allah has brought down this knowledge from Loh e Mahfuz to the heart of Prophet Muhammad (SAS). Allah himself has taken the responsibility of its protection from distortion and corruption and also the responsibility of its explanation (Bayaan). Allah says in Quran that the luminous verses of Quran lies in the heart of those to whom I have given the knowledge.

    Muhammad (SAS) while doing his worship and meditation in Cave of Hira in the mountain of Macca he received the first revelation. Muhammad (SAS) was 40 years old at that time in 609 CE. The first revelation was…

AAYAT :

“Iqra bismi rabbika allzi khalak
Khalak al insaan min alqa
Iqra wa rabbika al akramu
Allzi allam bi al qalam
Allam al insaan maa lam ya’alam.”

- Surah 96, Ayat 1, 2, 3.


TRANSALATION :

“Recite in the name of your lord who created
Created man from a clot of blood
Recite your lord is the most generous
Who teaches by the pen
Teaches man what he knew not.”


    The revelation of Quran started in one Holy night; the night of destiny called “Lailatul Qadr” or “Shabbe Qadr” of Ramdhan and continued further for next 23 years till the demise (Death) of Muhammad (SAS). Quran was not revealed once and all but it was revealed periodically time to time with interval, sometime a surah, sometime half surah or few Ayahs were revealed. It was so because Allah wanted Muhammad (SAS) to read memories Quran and teach Quran to others and also compel the peoples to follow the orders of the Quran.

    Some of Quran is revealed in Macca they are called Maccan Surah and some surahs are revealed in Madina they are called Madinan Surah. The chapters of Quran are called Surah and the verses are called Ayah. All chapters are arranged in thirty sections called Juz or Parah and thirty sections are further arranged to form further seven Manzils. In Quran there are one hundred and fourteen (114) Surah and six thousand two hundred and thirty six (6236) Ayahs, Verse. In each Surah there are the numbers of paragraphs. Each paragraph is called a Rukuh. Each surah comprises from single rukuh to many rukuh. Each rukuh consist of one to many Ayahs. Each Ayah consists of one word to many sentences.

    Quran was revealed Prophet would utter the words of Ayah, other companions would listen and remember and memories it. Quran was remembered and memorized by companions and Hafiz of Quran. Quran was not available in its written form during the lifetime of Prophet Muhammad (SAS, the Quran was present in the memory of companions in verbal form. It was present section wise in discrete form and not complete Quran was present at one person. After the death of Muhammad (SAS) some of companions write down the Quran and kept it with them.

    During the Khilafat of Hz. Abu Bakr Siddiqe (RZ), Hz. Umar Faruq (RZ) suggested to Hz. Abu Bakr Siddiqe (RZ) for collection of Quran so Hz. Abu Bakr Siddiqe (RZ) ordered for collection of written part of Quran to Zaid. Zaid collected the written part of Quran from different companions and made an authentic copy of it and handed over to Hz. Abu Bakr Siddiqe (RZ). After death of Hz. Abu Bakr Siddiqe (RZ) the copy of Quran was kept with Ummul Mominin Hafsa (RZ) widow of Muhammad (SAS). During the Khilafat of Hz. Usman Ghani (RZ), he realized the difference in the Quran and its recitation so he ordered for recollection of written Quran from different companions and also collected the record of memorized Quran to a committee headed by Zaid. After collecting the written records of Quran, the record was tallied with already existing copy of Quran present with Hz. Hafsa (RZ) that is Hz. Abu Bakr Siddiqe’s (RZ) Quran. After comparing the two documents a new and final Quran was composed and standardized. Its copy made and sent to different parts of the world of its reading, learning, teaching and recitation. The doubtful copies of the Quran were destroyed and only standardized copy was preserved. The Quran present today in our hand is the copy of same above Quran which was composed during Hz. Usman Ghani’s (RZ) Khalifat by him.

    Quran was written on date, palm leaves, bones, wood plate, walls, stone, metal plates, clothes and papers. It was handwritten. Now a day its printed copies are distributed in almost all languages of the world. Quran is available in 21st CE it is present in electronic audio and pdf form on internet which is freely downloadable.

    Muhammad (SAS) was Ummi he was not learned to read and write and also unaware of the knowledge of past religious books and Prophets. Ummi means illiterate. As he was Ummi he did not write or told Quran by his own knowledge because he did not know anything about religious knowledge before revelation. But Allah taught him all knowledge by revelation by angel Gibrail. Hence Quran is word of Allah and not the personal knowledge of Prophet Muhammad (SAS).

    Throughout the Quran, Allah describes about oneness of God (Towhid), eschatology, the day of resurrection (Qayamat), history of past prophets and socio religious rules. The early Maccan Surah describes the basic concepts in Islam like existence of Allah, monotheism (One Allah) final fete of universe (Qayamat), the Day of Judgment, natural phenomenon, creation of universe, making of Adam (AS) charity (Zakat), prayer (Salat), right and wrong etc. The Madina Surah describes socio religious rules of inheritance, paternity, divorce and marriage, rules of war, human conduct and history of that time.

    Quran describes itself is a book of guidance. Quran along with Hadith is used to interpret Shariyat Law. During prayer (Salat) Quran is recited only in Arabic. First Surah Fatiha is recited afterword some; any part of other Surah or chapter, Ruku or Ayah is recited.

    The first Surah in written Quran is Surah Al Fatiha. It describes the basic principles of Islam. It is heart of Quran. Recited as…

Surah Al Fatiha :

TRANSALATION :

All praise belongs to Allah, lord of universe, the beneficent, the merciful and master of Day of Judgment. To you alone we do worship and from you alone we do seek assistance. Guide us to right path, the path of those to whom you have granted blessing. Those, who are neither subject to your anger nor have gone astray.


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